The Correlation Between Contrast Sensitivity Loss And Falls In A Low Vision Population.

Background: Contrast sensitivity loss has a profound effect on vision. With decreased contrast sensitivity, spatial localization can be negatively affected. Spatial localization is one of the key elements needed to accurately and efficiently navigate one’s environment. The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of contrast sensitivity loss that predisposes patients to falls. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of electronic health record data gathered at the Ferris State University Eye Center. Thirty-six patient records were reviewed. Only records obtained in the Vision Rehabilitation Service were reviewed. These records were used to associate the incidence of falls with contrast sensitivity loss. Data collected included age, ocular diagnoses, fall history, any difficulties with orientation and mobility, and contrast sensitivity values. This data was inputted into a spreadsheet with all patient identifying information removed. Results: We expected there to be a positive correlation between contrast sensitivity loss and a history of falls. A statistical analyzation of the data gathered was completed to uncover the link between contrast sensitivity and falls. This information was studied and analyzed to determine the range of contrast sensitivity loss which leads to a higher probability of future falls. Through our analysis, we discovered that there was a weak correlation between contrast sensitivity loss and a history of falls. A stronger correlation was discovered between contrast sensitivity loss and orientation and mobility deficits. The
strongest correlation made was between increasing age and orientation and mobility deficits. Conclusions: The results of this study will advance the field of optometry, specifically in the field of low vision, by allowing practitioners to better predict the risk of falls in the low vision population as it relates to loss of contrast sensitivity. This will allow practitioners to better prepare and equip their patients so falls may be avoided in the future. With the information gathered in this study, optometrists can provide the appropriate devices and make the appropriate referrals to better assist this population.